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<title>Database-centric architecture</title>
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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Database-centric architecture</span></span>
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<p><b>Database-centric Architecture</b> or <b>data-centric architecture</b> has several distinct meanings, generally relating to <a href="Software_architecture" title="Software architecture">software architectures</a> in which <a href="Database" title="Database">databases</a> play a crucial role. Often this description is meant to contrast the design to an alternative approach. For example, the characterization of an architecture as "database-centric" may mean any combination of the following:
</p>
<ul><li>using a standard, general-purpose <a href="Relational_database_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Relational database management system">relational database management system</a>, as opposed to customized in-<a href="Memory_(computers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory (computers)">memory</a> or <a href="Computer_file" title="Computer file">file</a>-based <a href="Data_structures" class="mw-redirect" title="Data structures">data structures</a> and <a href="Access_method" title="Access method">access methods</a>. With the evolution of sophisticated <a href="Database_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Database management system">DBMS</a> software, much of which is either free or included with the <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a>, application developers have become increasingly reliant on standard database tools, especially for the sake of <a href="Rapid_application_development" title="Rapid application development">rapid application development</a>.</li>
<li>using dynamic, <a href="Table_(database)" title="Table (database)">table</a>-driven logic, as opposed to logic embodied in previously <a href="Compiled" class="mw-redirect" title="Compiled">compiled</a> <a href="Computer_program" title="Computer program">programs</a>. The use of table-driven logic, i.e. behavior that is heavily dictated by the contents of a database, allows programs to be simpler and more flexible. This capability is a central feature of <a href="Dynamic_programming_language" title="Dynamic programming language">dynamic programming languages</a>. See also <a href="Control_table" title="Control table">control tables</a> for tables that are normally coded and embedded within programs as <a href="Data_structures" class="mw-redirect" title="Data structures">data structures</a> (i.e. not compiled statements) but could equally be read in from a <a href="Flat_file" class="mw-redirect" title="Flat file">flat file</a>, <a href="Database" title="Database">database</a> or even retrieved from a <a href="Spreadsheet" title="Spreadsheet">spreadsheet</a>.</li>
<li>using <a href="Stored_procedure" title="Stored procedure">stored procedures</a> that run on <a href="Database_server" title="Database server">database servers</a>, as opposed to greater reliance on logic running in middle-tier <a href="Application_server" title="Application server">application servers</a> in a <a href="Multi-tier_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-tier architecture">multi-tier architecture</a>. The extent to which <a href="Business_logic" title="Business logic">business logic</a> should be placed at the back-end versus another tier is a subject of ongoing debate. For example, Toon Koppelaars presents a detailed analysis of alternative <a href="Oracle_Database" title="Oracle Database">Oracle-based</a> architectures that vary in the placement of business logic, concluding that a database-centric approach has practical advantages from the standpoint of ease of development and maintainability<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and performance.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>using a shared database as the basis for communicating between <a href="Parallel_computing" title="Parallel computing">parallel processes</a> in <a href="Distributed_computing" title="Distributed computing">distributed computing</a> applications, as opposed to direct <a href="Inter-process_communication" title="Inter-process communication">inter-process communication</a> via <a href="Message_passing" title="Message passing">message passing</a> functions and <a href="Message-oriented_middleware" title="Message-oriented middleware">message-oriented middleware</a>. A potential benefit of database-centric architecture in <a href="Distributed_application" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed application">distributed applications</a> is that it simplifies the design by utilizing DBMS-provided <a href="Transaction_processing" title="Transaction processing">transaction processing</a> and <a href="Index_(database)" class="mw-redirect" title="Index (database)">indexing</a> to achieve a high degree of reliability, performance, and capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <a href="Base_One" class="mw-redirect" title="Base One">Base One</a> describes a database-centric distributed computing architecture for <a href="Grid_computing" title="Grid computing">grid</a> and <a href="Computer_cluster" title="Computer cluster">cluster</a> computing, and explains how this design provides enhanced security, fault-tolerance, and <a href="Scalability" title="Scalability">scalability</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>an overall <a href="Enterprise_architecture" title="Enterprise architecture">enterprise architecture</a> that favors shared data models<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over allowing each application to have its own, idiosyncratic data model.</li></ul>
<p>Even an extreme database-centric architecture called <b>RDBMS-only architecture</b><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has been proposed, in which the three classic layers of an application are kept within the <a href="RDBMS" class="mw-redirect" title="RDBMS">RDBMS</a>. This architecture heavily uses the DBPL (Database Programming Language) of the RDBMS. An example of software with this architecture is <a href="Oracle_Application_Express" title="Oracle Application Express">Oracle Application Express</a> (APEX).
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Control_table" title="Control table">Control tables</a></li>
<li>Data-centric programming languages</li>
<li>The <a href="Data-driven_programming" title="Data-driven programming">data-driven programming</a> paradigm, which makes the information used in a system the primary design driver.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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</style><cite id="CITEREFKoppelaars2004" class="citation web cs1">Koppelaars, Toon (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060525094651/http://www.oracle.com/technology/pub/articles/odtug_award.pdf">"A DATABASE-CENTRIC APPROACH TO J2EE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Oracle Development Tools Users Group (ODTUG). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oracle.com/technology/pub/articles/odtug_award.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2006-05-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-26</span></span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boic.com/dbgrid.htm">Database-Centric Grid and Cluster Computing</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFVicenteEtcheverrySabiguero2021" class="citation book cs1">Vicente, Alfonso; Etcheverry, Lorena; Sabiguero, Ariel (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9640017">"An RDBMS-only architecture for web applications"</a>. <i>2021 XLVII Latin American Computing Conference (CLEI)</i>. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">1–</span>9. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FCLEI53233.2021.9640017">10.1109/CLEI53233.2021.9640017</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<bdi>978-1-6654-9503-5</bdi>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245387844">245387844</a>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFVicente2023" class="citation journal cs1">Vicente, Alfonso (2023-06-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.36561%2Fing.24.9">"In defense of extreme database-centric architecture"</a>. <i>Memoria Investigaciones en Ingeniería</i>. <b>24</b>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.36561%2Fing.24.9">10.36561/ing.24.9</a></span>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2301-1106">2301-1106</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:259690085">259690085</a>.</cite></span>
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<li><a href="Database_application" title="Database application">Application</a></li>
<li><a href="Database_connection" title="Database connection">Connection</a>
<ul><li><a href="Datasource" title="Datasource">datasource</a></li>
<li><a href="Data_Source_Name" class="mw-redirect" title="Data Source Name">DSN</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Database_administrator" title="Database administrator">Administrator</a></li>
<li><a href="Synonym_(database)" title="Synonym (database)">Synonym</a></li>
<li><a href="Lock_(database)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lock (database)">Lock</a></li>
<li>Types</li>
<li><a href="Comparison_of_database_tools" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of database tools">Tools</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Database#Database_languages" title="Database">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Data_definition_language" title="Data definition language">Data definition</a></li>
<li><a href="Data_manipulation_language" title="Data manipulation language">Data manipulation</a></li>
<li><a href="Query_language" title="Query language">Query</a>
<ul><li><a href="Information_retrieval_query_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Information retrieval query language">information retrieval</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Database_security" title="Database security">Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Database_activity_monitoring" title="Database activity monitoring">Activity monitoring</a></li>
<li><a href="Database_audit" title="Database audit">Audit</a></li>
<li><a href="Database_forensics" title="Database forensics">Forensics</a></li>
<li><a href="Negative_database" title="Negative database">Negative database</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Database_design" title="Database design">Design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Entity%E2%80%93relationship_model" title="Entity–relationship model">Entities and relationships</a> (and <a href="Enhanced_entity%E2%80%93relationship_model" title="Enhanced entity–relationship model">Enhanced</a> notation)</li>
<li><a href="Database_normalization" title="Database normalization">Normalization</a></li>
<li><a href="Database_schema" title="Database schema">Schema</a></li>
<li><a href="Database_refactoring" title="Database refactoring">Refactoring</a></li>
<li><a href="Cardinality_(data_modeling)" title="Cardinality (data modeling)">Cardinality</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programming</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Database_abstraction_layer" title="Database abstraction layer">Abstraction layer</a></li>
<li><a href="Object%E2%80%93relational_mapping" title="Object–relational mapping">Object–relational mapping</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Database_virtualization" title="Database virtualization">Virtualization</a></li>
<li><a href="Database_tuning" title="Database tuning">Tuning</a>
<ul><li><a href="Database_caching" title="Database caching">caching</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Data_migration#Database_migration" title="Data migration">Migration</a></li>
<li><a href="Database_preservation" title="Database preservation">Preservation</a></li>
<li><a href="Database_integrity" class="mw-redirect" title="Database integrity">Integrity</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Lists_of_databases" title="Lists of databases">Lists of</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines" title="List of academic databases and search engines">Academic</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_biological_databases" title="List of biological databases">Biological</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_biodiversity_databases" title="List of biodiversity databases">Biodiversity</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_facial_expression_databases" title="List of facial expression databases">Facial expression</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_online_databases" title="List of online databases">Online</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_online_music_databases" title="List of online music databases">Online music</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_online_real_estate_databases" title="List of online real estate databases">Online real estate</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="Intelligent_database" title="Intelligent database">Intelligent database</a></li>
<li><a href="Two-phase_locking" title="Two-phase locking">Two-phase locking</a></li>
<li><a href="Locks_with_ordered_sharing" title="Locks with ordered sharing">Locks with ordered sharing</a></li>
<li><a href="Load_file" title="Load file">Load file</a></li>
<li><a href="Database_publishing" title="Database publishing">Publishing</a></li>
<li><a href="Halloween_Problem" title="Halloween Problem">Halloween Problem</a></li>
<li><a href="Log_shipping" title="Log shipping">Log shipping</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"></span></span> WikiProject</b> <b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-12-05" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Database-centric_architecture&amp;oldid=1261249998">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
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